Cinematography

Cinematography means the use of the camera, this is the different shots and camera movements used to film.

Types of Shots:

• Close up - This is mainly a shot of the face and neck, mainly used to show facial expression and emotion of the character.
• Extreme close up - This shot is used to focus on a small part of something. 
• Midshot - This shot is normaly comprised of the head to waist of a character. 
• Long shot - This shot is used to show a characters entire body.
• Extreme long shot - This shot is used to show the surroundings of the character.
• Point of view shot - This shot allows you to look through the eyes of the character.
• High angle shot - This shot makes the viewer look down on the character thus putting the character in a position of weakness and the veiwer in a position of power.
• Low angle shot - This shot makes the character look down at the viewer therefore making the viewer seem inferior to the character.
• Over-the-shoulder shot - This shot looks overe the characters shoulder to show what they are looking at.

Types of camera movement:

• Pan - The camera rotates from left to right
• Tilt - The camera tilts up and down
• Dutch tilt - The camera tilts on an angle to give a disorientation effect.
• Zoom - The camerqa remains still but the focus is adjusted to move either towards or away from the from the object.
• Reverse zoom/Contra-zoom - When the focus zooms in while the camera moves out (or vise versa).
• Free camera - A camera which is free to move around.
• Trackcamera - The camera moves fluidly along a set of tracks in a certain direction. 
• Dolly - A dolly camera is on a set of wheels so it can be moved in any direction.
• Crane - The camera is placed on a large crane arm which enables it to move around the set with ease. It also allows the camera to move quickly between on different heights.  
• Rolling shot - The camera moves diagonaly, making the image askew
• Handheld - The camera is held in a hand and can therefore move in any direction. The result is usually a very shaky picture. 
• Steady cam - The camera is worn on a weighted harness to keep it still and balanced, whilst allowing the freedom in hand held filming